How a single scriptural phrase for damnation becomes, in James Mulhern’s fiction, the shimmer over a baptism.
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Essays
Short critical and personal essays on the recurring images, religious interpretation, governing methods, and working beliefs behind the fiction, poetry, and teaching of James Mulhern.
On this series
These forty-two essays read James Mulhern’s work the way a careful reader would — following a single image, method, or conviction across stories, poems, and the classroom until it declares its own logic. They fall, roughly, into eight groups.
Recurring images and the governing method. Seven essays trace a single image or habit of mind across the whole body of work: fire, water, the sacred hidden inside shabby and ordinary detail, the sacrament of communion running through the classroom and the fiction and the poems, the repeated motifs (threshold, hand, water, the slant of light) read as a compositional system, Mulhern’s own habit of redrafting a single scene across a poem and a story and a second story, and a comprehensive synthesis of his craft signature, tropes, and allusive practice across the fiction, poetry, and teaching.
Single-work and full-length book studies. Five essays give a single book comprehensive, full-length treatment: the short story collection All We Ever Needed, traced through its themes, motifs, archetypes, allusions, and craft across all eight stories; a scholarly reading of “Assumptions” against the Catholic dogma of the Assumption of Mary; the Kirkus-starred novel Give Them Unquiet Dreams, read for its structure, its dual Boston and Achill Island geography, and its psychiatric plot; the novel Molly Bonamici, read for its Angel of Death premise, its Defoe inheritance, and the deadpan comedy the author has confirmed grew out of a single year of overwhelming loss; and A Prayer for Home, the earlier novella that first stages the storefront prophecy behind that premise and the widow whose real trip home turns out to be a grave.
The poetry, on its own terms. Four essays turn to Crossings specifically: its recurring imagery of water, touch, and inherited light; the second-person address that turns a reader into an accidental confessor for the dying and the dead; a structural reading of the collection’s twenty-poem sequence, from emigration to unresolved grief; and the objective correlatives — a folded robe, a photograph, a shattered devotional print — through which the poems hold grief without naming it.
Comparative and evaluative studies. Three essays place Mulhern beside other writers: a full-length evaluation within the Irish-American tradition alongside Farrell, Kennedy, McDermott, and Trevor; four shorter comparative readings beside James Joyce, Flannery O’Connor, and Raymond Carver; and a study of the allusive argument Molly Bonamici conducts with Fitzgerald’s Gatsby.
The author in his own words. Three essays draw directly on Mulhern’s own statements of belief: notes on attention and revision, a five-part statement of artistic creed, and an account of what he believes writing, teaching, and communion are for.
Narrative technique and craft mechanics. Six essays examine how the fiction is actually built: unreliable child narrators and the limits of innocence; the unlicensed confessors — grandmothers, children, a listener granted a decades-late absolution — who recur across the stories; the craft function of Aiden Glencar’s second sight as a solution to problems of foreshadowing and point of view; the plain, procedural diction of the reasonable criminal narrator in “Peppermint Candy” and “Mia Bambina”; the mechanics of dialogue itself — missing tags, action beats, the em dash — as a technical signature; and the deliberate etymology behind the names Molly Bonamici, Myra Bocca, and Peggy Fleming.
Recurring figures, traditions, and settings. Twelve essays place people, places, and genres under sustained examination: a single composite grandmother archetype traced by name and by deed across “A Bath,” “Assumptions,” and the Nonna cycle; the family elegy restraint of “A Bath” read against Alice Munro and Andre Dubus; the chosen family Molly Bonamici builds with her gay best friend in Wilton Manors, Florida; the coherent Irish-Catholic and Italian-American geography of Jamaica Plain, Braintree, and Revere; the Transcendentalist philosophy named directly in the author’s own Artistic Creed; the American confidence-woman tradition behind Lady Jane and Myra Bocca; a diptych on teaching as vocation and trap; the comic-grotesque lineage of Flannery O’Connor and J. M. Synge; Mr. Scarfone and the benign mafioso who makes a murder possible without ever becoming frightening; the precise sociolinguistic system by which profanity marks trust rather than breach; food as a sacramental economy of communion and poison; and Aiden Glencar’s second sight read directly against W. B. Yeats and The Celtic Twilight.
Editorial and bibliographic notes. Two essays turn to the history of the text itself: a descriptive bibliography of “Assumptions” across its four published texts, and a study of what psychological research on permeable mental boundaries can and cannot explain about a lifelong practice of recurrence.
Forty-Two Essays
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Tears, rain, tide pools, and the unglamorous water of the sickroom — the element that carries mercy through Mulhern’s fiction and verse.
Read the essayWhy the holy in James Mulhern’s work always arrives disguised as the ordinary — a housedress, a bottle of suntan oil, a classroom of restless teenagers.
Read the essayReading “Assumptions” against the Catholic dogma of the Assumption — and asking what it means to grant a flawed, ordinary body the imagery reserved for the sinless one.
Read the essayThe architecture of mercy across all eight stories — themes, motifs, character archetypes, allusion, and craft, with close reading and direct quotation throughout.
Read the essayA sacrament administered without a priest — through a classroom, a pelican, a family beach trip, and a poem written for the dead.
Read the essayNotes on attention, revision, and the belief that a sentence, closely enough watched, will tell you what it is for.
Read the essayA statement of belief in five movements — on the sacred in ordinary life, mercy as a method of composition, and the conviction that we are mended only in the act of mending others.
Read the essayThemes, tropes, and religious imagery across the poetry of James Mulhern, tracing water, touch, and light as a recurring inherited vocabulary.
Read the essayAllusion and subtext in Molly Bonamici — how the novel argues with Fitzgerald’s Gatsby even as it borrows from him.
Read the essayA full-length evaluation of Mulhern’s fiction, poetry, and literary achievement, read within the Irish-American tradition alongside Farrell, Kennedy, McDermott, and Trevor.
Read the essayFour short essays reading Mulhern’s poetry and fiction alongside James Joyce, Flannery O’Connor, and Raymond Carver.
Read the essayThe repeated motifs — the threshold, the hand, water, the slant of light, the household object — read as a compositional system, with close attention to craft, purpose, theme, and technique.
Read the essayPermeability, recurrence, and the poetics of the unfinished — reading Hartmann’s boundary research against Keats, Coleridge, Wordsworth, and Bergson, with the counter-evidence stated.
Read the essayOn the sacrament hiding inside the sentence — between writer and subject, page and reader, the living and the dead.
Read the essayHow affect withheld, rather than perception failed, produces the distinctive unreliable narration of Molly Bonamici and Give Them Unquiet Dreams.
Read the essayUnauthorized confessors in Mulhern’s fiction — grandmothers, children, and a Public Garden absolution granted decades after the fact.
Read the essayThe genetic evidence inside Mulhern’s collected work — a bath scene redrafted from poem to story, and a jetty passage duplicated within a single collection.
Read the essayHow Aiden Glencar’s second sight in Give Them Unquiet Dreams solves problems of foreshadowing, temporal compression, and point of view.
Read the essayMulhern, O’Connor, and Synge — on the tonal hairpin turn from comedy to violence, and what it costs a reader to laugh at the wrong moment.
Read the essayA social realist reading of the Irish-Catholic and Italian-American neighborhoods — Jamaica Plain, Braintree, Revere — that make up Mulhern’s coherent fictional map.
Read the essayEmerson, Thoreau, Whitman, and the Oversoul — how a nineteenth-century American philosophy structures a contemporary Irish-Catholic and Italian-American fictional world.
Read the essayCharlatans, healers, and con artists — Lady Jane and Myra Bocca, read against the American literary tradition of the confidence woman.
Read the essayReading “A Bath” against the family elegy tradition of Alice Munro and Andre Dubus — how restraint becomes a story’s central formal argument.
Read the essay“Peppermint Candy” and “Drenched to the Bone” read as a diptych about pedagogical burnout, moral compromise, and a biography spent in the classroom.
Read the essayFirst-person justification in “Peppermint Candy” and “Mia Bambina” — the plain, procedural diction of the reasonable criminal narrator, after Nabokov and Highsmith.
Read the essayHow cookies, candy, sugar, and whiskey carry love, obligation, and at last poison through the same trusted hands.
Read the essayAiden Glencar’s second sight read against W. B. Yeats — what Mulhern keeps from Irish folk tradition, what he discards, and what he invents.
Read the essayHow missing tags, action beats, and the em dash render interruption and withheld speech without a word of narratorial comment.
Read the essayMolly Bonamici, Myra Bocca, and Peggy Fleming as deliberate citations — each name a promise the narrative keeps.
Read the essayHow “you” addressed to the dying and the dead, in the poems of Crossings, turns the reader into an accidental listener.
Read the essayA textual history of “Assumptions” across its 2015 web publication, 2016 collection, 2020 Galway Review printing, and 2026 return to book form.
Read the essayA structural reading of the collection’s twenty-poem sequence, from emigration to unresolved grief.
Read the essayObjective correlative and the grief-work of Crossings — how a folded robe, a photograph on a table, and a shattered print of The Last Supper carry grief the poems never once name outright.
Read the essayA full-length study of the Kirkus-starred novel — its structure, its dual geography of Boston and Achill Island, its psychiatric plot, and its place in Mulhern's body of work.
Read the essayA synthesis of Mulhern's craft signature, recurring tropes, thematic architecture, and allusive practice across the fiction, poetry, and teaching.
Read the essayThe Angel of Death premise, the Defoe inheritance, and the deadpan comedy that grew out of a single year of overwhelming loss.
Read the essayThe storefront psychic who first calls Molly an Angel of Death, and the widow whose real trip home turns out to be a grave.
Read the essayTracing the Nonna/Nana figure across the fiction — a single recurring matriarchal archetype who is simultaneously moral authority and moral hazard.
Read the essayGabe, Wilton Manors, and the households James Mulhern builds outside the Irish-Catholic and Italian-American bloodline.
Read the essayHow vulgarity marks trust rather than breach in the fiction — and what it costs when the same words are aimed by a stranger instead of a grandmother.
Read the essayMr. Scarfone and the benign mafioso — how organized crime becomes a source of domestic comfort rather than menace.
Read the essayFor the Full Study
Readers who want the long-form scholarly treatment — a full concordance of religious and literary allusion across the collected fiction — can now read it in full: The Religious Architecture of James Mulhern’s Work: The Complete Study. The essay above, “Altogether Beautiful,” is drawn from its opening chapter.